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mevalonate pathway
The Mevalonate pathway, also known as the Isoprenoid pathway or HMG-CoA reductase pathway is an essential metabolic pathway present in eukaryotes, archaea, and some bacteria.〔 The pathway produces two five-carbon building blocks called isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are used to make isoprenoids, a diverse class of over 30,000 biomolecules such as cholesterol, heme, vitamin K, coenzyme Q10, and all steroid hormones.〔
The mevalonate pathway begins with acetyl-CoA and ends with the production of IPP and DMAPP.〔 It is best known as the target of statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs. The drug Lipitor (Atorvastatin) inhibits HMG-CoA reductase within the mevalonate pathway. As of 2015, Lipitor remains the world's best selling drug of all time with $125 Billion USD in sales.〔
==Upper Mevalonate Pathway==
The mevalonate pathway of eukaryotes, archaea, and eubacteria all begin the same way. The sole carbon feed stock of the pathway is acetyl-CoA. The first step condenses two acetyl-CoA molecules to yield acetoacetyl-CoA. This is followed by a second condensation to form HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3- methyl-glutaryl-CoA). Reduction of HMG-CoA yields (R)-mevalonate. These first 3 enzymatic steps are called the upper mevalonate pathway.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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